FIJISHI EPL

137 countries representing 98 percent of global GDP are actively developing Central Bank Digital Currencies with programmable autonomous transaction capabilities. China's digital yuan has processed approximately $2.3 trillion in transactions governed by algorithmic logic without cryptographic constitutional command verification. Gartner forecasts that by 2030, 22 percent of monetary transactions will give AI agents economic agency. No CBDC programme currently live has a constitutional command architecture governing what autonomous monetary AI systems are permitted to do, how sovereign override is cryptographically invoked, or what the audit trail looks like when a system makes a decision that violates a citizen's constitutional rights. This paper documents the structural governance gap across global CBDC programmes and the constitutional liability it creates for every central bank deploying autonomous monetary AI.

Read paper: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20673437
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